VOCÊ É O MEU AMIGO MUITO ESPECIAL...

AMIGOS, SÃO FLORES QUE RECEBEMOS A CADA DIA...
POR ISTO DEIXO ESTA FLOR COM O CORAÇÃO PARA TI..

TE OFEREÇO ESTE SELO DE CARINHO E AFETO..

LEVE O SELO DO CORAÇÃO..NELE TEM UM CARINHO MUITO ESPECIAL:VOCÊ!!!

(imagem do blog do Álvaro)

Poetas-Um Voo Livre

Sinal de Liberdade-uma expressão de sentimento

Blog Coletivo-Uma Interação de Amigos-

Meus Mimos-

Snow White

Yesterday we watched a few Disney movies. My Dad said that he had never seen Snow White and the 7 Dwarfs. I'm not sure about that. But that's what he said. He liked it a lot. He told me that the next time we go to Disney World, he wants to buy something with the Dwarfs on it. I think he should get a coffee mug. :)

Sarita told him that he looked like Doc. I think he is more like Happy. My Dad didn't really know who we were talking about. He just knew who Sleepy, Doopey, and Grumpy were. Doopey reminds him of Sancho. He's pretty silly like that! And Grumpy, he knows Grumpy. Because my Nana has some pjs and a sweatshirt with Grumpy on them. My Nana says that she is like Grumpy in the morning. My Dad agrees. :) She just doesn't like the mornings. My Dad is like that. But coffee always makes him feel better. I hope we get to see Snow White again with my Nana! :) C

BOM DIA MEUS AMIGOS!!!!!

QUERO AGRDECER A TODOS QUE VIAJARAM COMIGO..
FICO MUITO FELIZ...

LINK AQUI..

2º concurso de Poesia

AMIGOS SÃO OS PRESENTES QUE RECEBEMOS..A CADA DIA...A CADA MOMENTO...
POR ISSO, EU SÓ TENHO É DE AGRADECER...PELO SEU CARINHO..AFETO E AMIZADE MUITO SINCERA.
MUITO OBRIGADA.

TE OFEREÇO ESTE SELO DE CARINHO E AFETO..

LOGO RETRIBUIREI TODAS AS VISITAS...HOJE NÃO SERÁ POSSIVEL..MAS EU IREI....
ME AGURADE.
LEVE O SELO DO CORAÇÃO..NELE TEM UM CARINHO MUITO ESPECIAL:VOCÊ!!!

(imagem do blog do Álvaro)

Poetas-Um Voo Livre

Sinal de Liberdade-uma expressão de sentimento

Blog Coletivo-Uma Interação de Amigos-

PARA VOCÊ MULHER..VENHA VER...

Meus Mimos-

ANJO AMIGO!!!

AMIGOS SÃO VERDADEIROS PRESENTES VIRTUAIS..
POR ISSO DEIXO ESTA MENSAGEM PARA VOCÊ..COM MUITO CARINHO..

VOU TE ESPERAR POR AQUI..

LINK AQUI..

2º concurso de Poesia EMBARQUE NETA MAGIA E VAMOS COMIGO.SERÁ UM PRAZER VIAJAR NESTE MUNDO ENCANTADO DA POESIA.


Poetas-Um Voo Livre

Sinal de Liberdade-uma expressão de sentimento

Blog Coletivo-Uma Interação de Amigos-

PARA VOCÊ MULHER..VENHA VER...

Meus Mimos(venha buscar seu Prêmio)
PARA AS LINDAS MULHERES UM SELO...

Little Women

My Dad and I went to Barnes and Noble yesterday. I've been wanting a new book. It's been really cold around here. I like to read when it gets cold like this.

I looked and looked through all the books. My Dad was having coffee and a cookie. I picked the book Little Women. My Nana and I had been talking about it. She likes to read a lot like me. I stayed up late last night reading. I got up early today to read too! I'm already halfway through my new book. But it's a really good book. :) C

Drunk on Alcohol?

When you drink alcohol and get drunk, are you getting drunk on alcohol?

Well, obviously, you might think, and so did I. But it turns out that some people claim that the alcohol (ethanol) in drinks isn't the only thing responsible for their effects - they say that acetaldehyde may be important, perhaps even more so.

South Korean researchers Kim et al report that it's acetaldehyde, rather than ethanol, which explains alcohol's immediate effects on cognitive and motor skills. During the metabolism of ethanol in the body, it's first converted into acetaldehyde, which then gets converted into acetate and excreted. Acetaldehyde build-up is popularly renowned as a cause of hangovers (although it's unclear how true this is), but could it also be involved in the acute effects?

Kim et al gave 24 male volunteers a range of doses of ethanol (in the form of vodka and orange juice). Half of them carried a genetic variant (ALDH2*2) which impairs the breakdown of acetaldehyde in the body. About 50% of people of East Asian origin, e.g. Koreans, carry this variant, which is rare in other parts of the world.

As expected, compared to the others, the ALDH2*2 carriers had much higher blood acetaldehyde levels after drinking alcohol, while there was little or no difference in their blood ethanol levels.

Interestingly, though, the ALDH2*2 group also showed much more impairment of cognitive and motor skills, such as reaction time or a simulated driving task. On most measures, the non-carriers showed very little effect of alcohol, while the carriers were strongly affected, especially at high doses. Blood acetaldehyde was more strongly correlated with poor performance than blood alcohol was.

So the authors concluded that:

Acetaldehyde might be more important than alcohol in determining the effects on human psychomotor function and skills.

So is acetaldehyde to blame when you spend half an hour trying and failing to unlock your front door after a hard nights drinking? Should we be breathalyzing drivers for it? Maybe: this is an interesting finding, and there's quite a lot of animal evidence that acetaldehyde has acute sedative, hypnotic and amnesic effects, amongst others.

Still, there's another explanation for these results: maybe the ALDH2*2 carriers just weren't paying much attention to the tasks, because they felt ill, as ALDH2*2 carriers generally do after drinking, as a result of acetaldehyde build-up. No-one's going to be operating at peak performance if they're suffering the notorious flush reaction or "Asian glow", which includes skin flushing, nausea, headache, and increased pulse...

Kim SW, Bae KY, Shin HY, Kim JM, Shin IS, Youn T, Kim J, Kim JK, & Yoon JS (2009). The Role of Acetaldehyde in Human Psychomotor Function: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study. Biological psychiatry PMID: 19914598

Drunk on Alcohol?

When you drink alcohol and get drunk, are you getting drunk on alcohol?

Well, obviously, you might think, and so did I. But it turns out that some people claim that the alcohol (ethanol) in drinks isn't the only thing responsible for their effects - they say that acetaldehyde may be important, perhaps even more so.

South Korean researchers Kim et al report that it's acetaldehyde, rather than ethanol, which explains alcohol's immediate effects on cognitive and motor skills. During the metabolism of ethanol in the body, it's first converted into acetaldehyde, which then gets converted into acetate and excreted. Acetaldehyde build-up is popularly renowned as a cause of hangovers (although it's unclear how true this is), but could it also be involved in the acute effects?

Kim et al gave 24 male volunteers a range of doses of ethanol (in the form of vodka and orange juice). Half of them carried a genetic variant (ALDH2*2) which impairs the breakdown of acetaldehyde in the body. About 50% of people of East Asian origin, e.g. Koreans, carry this variant, which is rare in other parts of the world.

As expected, compared to the others, the ALDH2*2 carriers had much higher blood acetaldehyde levels after drinking alcohol, while there was little or no difference in their blood ethanol levels.

Interestingly, though, the ALDH2*2 group also showed much more impairment of cognitive and motor skills, such as reaction time or a simulated driving task. On most measures, the non-carriers showed very little effect of alcohol, while the carriers were strongly affected, especially at high doses. Blood acetaldehyde was more strongly correlated with poor performance than blood alcohol was.

So the authors concluded that:

Acetaldehyde might be more important than alcohol in determining the effects on human psychomotor function and skills.

So is acetaldehyde to blame when you spend half an hour trying and failing to unlock your front door after a hard nights drinking? Should we be breathalyzing drivers for it? Maybe: this is an interesting finding, and there's quite a lot of animal evidence that acetaldehyde has acute sedative, hypnotic and amnesic effects, amongst others.

Still, there's another explanation for these results: maybe the ALDH2*2 carriers just weren't paying much attention to the tasks, because they felt ill, as ALDH2*2 carriers generally do after drinking, as a result of acetaldehyde build-up. No-one's going to be operating at peak performance if they're suffering the notorious flush reaction or "Asian glow", which includes skin flushing, nausea, headache, and increased pulse...

Kim SW, Bae KY, Shin HY, Kim JM, Shin IS, Youn T, Kim J, Kim JK, & Yoon JS (2009). The Role of Acetaldehyde in Human Psychomotor Function: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study. Biological psychiatry PMID: 19914598