ARTES DE MONET- UM POUQUINHO DE DESTE TALENTO...

BELAS E LINDAS OBRAS DE CLAUDE MONET.
Monet nasceu na França, no ano de 1840. Tornou-se um grande pintor e um dos mais importantes representantes do impressionismo. Foi uma de suas pinturas, “Impressão: Nascer do Sol”, que deu nome ao movimento artístico impressionista.

Vida Artística

O começo de sua carreira artística foi marcado por dificuldades financeiras. Porém, na década de 1870, começou a obter sucesso. Suas obras de arte seguiam, como temática principal, as paisagens da natureza. Trabalhava de forma harmônica as cores e luzes, criando imagens belas e fortes. Neste contexto artístico, podemos citar a série de pinturas que realizou sobre a catedral de Rouen (1892-1894), onde o artista retratou a construção em diversos momentos do dia, com variações de luminosidade.
Vale a pena destacar também as obras de arte com temas aquáticos como, por exemplo, os murais que realizou no Museu I’orangerie.
Monet morreu em 1926, na França, deixando um legado artístico reconhecido até os dias atuais. Alguns críticos de arte consideram Monet um dos mais importantes pintores de todos os tempos.

Principais obras de Monet:
· Estuário do Sena · Impressão, Nascer do Sol · Ponte sobre Hève na Vazante · Camille · O vestido verde · A floresta em Fontainebleu · Mulheres no Jardim · Navio deixando o cais de Le Havre · O molhe de Le Havre

Pintor Francês (Impressionismo) 1840 - 1926

Monet´s Garden at Argenteuil, 1873

National Gallery of Art - Washington, D.C. USA

Woman in the Garden, 1867

Hermitage Museum - St. Petersburg, Rússia

Garden at Sainte-Adresse, 1867

Metropolitan Museum of Art - New York City

(Texto e imagens tirado da net Google)

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Zapping Memories Away

Imagine you're about to have to do something horrible or embarrasing, like say, admitting that you read Neuroskeptic. Wouldn't it be nice to be able to switch off your memory for a while, so you at least didn't have to remember it?

Well, now you can, as long as you have electrodes implanted in your brain. Lacruz et al, based at London's Institute of Psychiatry, report that Single pulse electrical stimulation of the hippocampus is sufficient to impair human episodic memory.

They took 12 people who were undergoing neurosurgery for severe epilepsy, and found that giving a single brief electrical pulse to the hippocampus caused momentary amnesia. Patients were much less likely to remember seeing a word or a picture presented immediately (within 150 milliseconds) after the pulse.

It only worked if you zapped the hippocampus on both the left and the right side simultaneously; if you only disrupt one, memory is unaffected, suggesting that one can compensate for the lack of the other.

It's been known for 60 years that damage to the hippocampus causes amnesia (e.g.), and previous electrode stimulation studies have shown amnesia after a few minutes of repeated shocks, but this is the first study to show that a single pulse can cause ultra-short memory impairment.

Follow up work confirmed that the stimulation only affected memory, rather than the perception of the items. Stimulation immediately before asking people to remember the items had no effect, showing that the hippocampus is only required for encoding, not retrieval.

This is a great study which adds to our knowledge of the memory functions of the hippocampus - although we need to avoid the temptation to see the hippocampus as purely a "memory module", since it's also known to be involved in space perception.

It's also a good example of why epilepsy patients are the unsung heroes of modern neuroscience - because they're basically the only people in whom it's ethical to do this kind of experiments. Surgeons need to stimulate their brains in order to optimize their treatment. It would be unethical to open someone's skull and poke around their grey matter purely for research purposes, but given that it's going to happen anyway for medical reasons, you might as well do a little research too...

Lacruz ME, Valentín A, Seoane JJ, Morris RG, Selway RP, & Alarcón G (2010). Single pulse electrical stimulation of the hippocampus is sufficient to impair human episodic memory. Neuroscience PMID: 20643192

Zapping Memories Away

Imagine you're about to have to do something horrible or embarrasing, like say, admitting that you read Neuroskeptic. Wouldn't it be nice to be able to switch off your memory for a while, so you at least didn't have to remember it?

Well, now you can, as long as you have electrodes implanted in your brain. Lacruz et al, based at London's Institute of Psychiatry, report that Single pulse electrical stimulation of the hippocampus is sufficient to impair human episodic memory.

They took 12 people who were undergoing neurosurgery for severe epilepsy, and found that giving a single brief electrical pulse to the hippocampus caused momentary amnesia. Patients were much less likely to remember seeing a word or a picture presented immediately (within 150 milliseconds) after the pulse.

It only worked if you zapped the hippocampus on both the left and the right side simultaneously; if you only disrupt one, memory is unaffected, suggesting that one can compensate for the lack of the other.

It's been known for 60 years that damage to the hippocampus causes amnesia (e.g.), and previous electrode stimulation studies have shown amnesia after a few minutes of repeated shocks, but this is the first study to show that a single pulse can cause ultra-short memory impairment.

Follow up work confirmed that the stimulation only affected memory, rather than the perception of the items. Stimulation immediately before asking people to remember the items had no effect, showing that the hippocampus is only required for encoding, not retrieval.

This is a great study which adds to our knowledge of the memory functions of the hippocampus - although we need to avoid the temptation to see the hippocampus as purely a "memory module", since it's also known to be involved in space perception.

It's also a good example of why epilepsy patients are the unsung heroes of modern neuroscience - because they're basically the only people in whom it's ethical to do this kind of experiments. Surgeons need to stimulate their brains in order to optimize their treatment. It would be unethical to open someone's skull and poke around their grey matter purely for research purposes, but given that it's going to happen anyway for medical reasons, you might as well do a little research too...

Lacruz ME, Valentín A, Seoane JJ, Morris RG, Selway RP, & Alarcón G (2010). Single pulse electrical stimulation of the hippocampus is sufficient to impair human episodic memory. Neuroscience PMID: 20643192

Headphone Jack Double Male

Felicidades Anita Gatorrista

turns 13 today our dear friend Anita, leader of Gatorrista "Domination Cat, Cats to power."
Anita, was born on July 22, 1997 in the Canary Islands, Spain, on 10 September of that year was taken by Carmen. It is a feline to take up arms to his human mother, describes as "a tricolor cat, dressed in camouflage, who wants to conquer the world" . Anita is also playful, cuddly, whimsical, greedy and like a good cat, jealous of their territory.

Anita is an institution in the network.

Through its human, has become part of the great family pet bloggers and set a style. Through its claims feline and sharing the day to day, from her blog Diary of Anne, we know the reactions of a cat with a lot of character and his aversion to competition.

The arrival home of Zar (aka the rebel), a beautiful gray cat, changed the pleasant life of our honored and given rise to new episodes of feline humor comics.

Anita games

We chose this video to show Anita in their environment and still active.

HAPPY BIRTHDAY GATORRISTA

and meeting MANY MORE!

Links:
YouTube Channel Blog
Anita Anita Journal .

PINTURAS.

LINDAS E BELAS PINTURAS..
A beleza da Arte feita pelos Pés e mãos. Incrível o que vi neste dia. Simplesmente, maravilhoso. Os Talentos existem e estão dentro de nós. Cada um traz dentro de si, a Beleza da Criação.Seja na Arte, na Poesia, ou em qualquer área do conhecimento. Temos a arte e a beleza até para ser Pais. Cada Ser é nato de suas qualidades e genialidades.Basta por em práticas, assim que se manifestar o desejo. Somos inspirados pela Criação Divina. Pelo Ser Maior.
A artista Valdelice Salum, que já se apresentou , na Suíça, França, Bélgica, Holanda, Portugal e Canadá, pinta com os pés e as mãos. Tivemos o prazer de conhecer esta bela pessoa. Uma excelente e maravilhosa artista. Incrível com a magia da Vida flui sobre ela.
Pintou obras de Monet, Picasso, Vicent Van Gogh, Ronoir, confira nas telas a perfeição e a Graça recebida. Simplesmente fantástica o que ela realiza. Deixa qualquer ser impressionado.

Incrível a beleza e a magia das cores se misturando. Foi maravilhoso.
Amei ter ido ver.
Um final de Domingo super bem aproveitado.
Cheio de conhecimentos e técnicas.
A ARTE nos surpreende com as suas belezas e CORES.

A vida nos dá de presente os nossos dons. Mas, somente nós podemos realizar com a perfeição e sensibilidades.

PEGUE O SELO AMIGO PARA SEMPRE LOGO ABAIXO. É O MEU CARINHO PARA VOCÊ.

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Blog Coletivo-Uma Interação de Amigos- COLETIVA- A Escrita e o Escritor

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Clever New Scheme

CNS Response are a California-based company who offer a high-tech new approach to the personalized treatment of depression: "referenced EEG" (rEEG).

This is not to be confused with qEEG, which I have written about previously. What is rEEG? It involves taking an EEG recording of resting brain activity and sending it - along with a cheque, naturally - to CNS Response, who compare it to their database of over 1,800 psychiatric patients who likewise had EEGs taken before they started on various drugs. They look to see which drugs worked best in people with an EEG profile similar to yours, and give you a fancy report with their recommendations.

That's not completely implausible. It could work. Does it? CNS Response and some academic collaborators have just published a paper saying yes: The use of referenced-EEG (rEEG) in assisting medication selection for the treatment of depression. How solid is it? Well, it would be wrong to say that there are many problems with this study. But then if you run off a cliff and plummet into a volcano, you've only made one mistake.

Depressed patients were randomized to one of two groups: treatment-as-usual, which generally meant the common antidepressants bupropion, citalopram, or venlafaxine, vs. rEEG-guided personalized drug treatment. The trial was pretty large, with 114 patients randomized, and pretty long, 12 weeks. The patients had failed to respond to at least one antidepressant (mean: 1.5) during the current episode, so they were slightly "treatment-resistant", though not extremely so.

What happened? The rEEG-guided group did better on the QIDS16SR self-report scale, and on most other measures. Not enormously: take a look at the graph, notice that the vertical axis doesn't start at zero. But better.
Great, they did better. But why? The problem with this study is that the rEEG-guided group got a very different set of drugs to the control group. No less than 55% of them got stimulants, either methylphenidate (Ritalin) and dexamphetamine (speed). These drugs make you feel good. That's why they're illegal, that's why people pay good money for them on the street.

It's debatable whether stimulants are clinically useful as antidepressants in the long term, but they've got a good chance of making you feel nice for a few weeks, and make you say you feel better on a rating scale. Plus there's nothing like a pep pill to drive active placebo effects.

The authors say that "Almost all of the studies with depression not associated with medical disorders have reported minimal or no antidepressant effect of stimulants", and refer to some 1980s studies - yet their own trial has just shown that they do work in more than 50% of patients, and the latest Cochrane meta-analysis finds stimulants do work in the short term...

The other big names in the EEG group were MAOis (selegiline or tranylcypromine). These are often effective in treatment-resistant depression. Not necessarily more so than other drugs, but remember that these patients had already failed at least one SSRI(*). Yet the control group were, it seems, almost all given SSRIs - either citalopram, or venlafaxine, which is effectively an SSRI at low doses, e.g. the average dose used here, 141 mg. (It does other stuff, but only at higher doses of 225 mg or 300 mg.)

In summary, there were two groups in this trial and they got entirely different sets of drugs. One group also got rEEG-based treatment personalization. That group did better, but that might have nothing to do with the rEEG: they might have done equally well if they'd just been assigned to stimulants or MAOis etc. by flipping a coin. We cannot tell, from these data, whether rEEG offered any benefits at all.

What's curious is that it would have been very simple to avoid this issue. Just give everyone rEEG, but shuffle the assignments in the control group, so that everyone was guided by someone else's EEG. So you'd give control Patient 2 the drugs that Patient 1 should have got, and vice versa; swap 3 and 4, 5 and 6, etc.

This would be a genuinely controlled test of the personalized rEEG system, because both groups would get the same kinds of drugs. It would have been a lot easier too. For one thing it wouldn't require the additional step of deciding what drugs to give the control group. The authors decided to follow the STAR*D treatment protocol in this study, which is not unreasonable, but that must have been a bit of a hard decision.

Second, it would allow the trial to be double-blind: in this study the investigators knew which group people were in, because it was obvious from the drug choice. Thirdly, it wouldn't have meant they had to exclude people whose rEEG recommended they get the same treatment that they would have got in the control group... and so on.

Hmm. Mysterious. Anyway, we may be hearing more about CNS Response soon, so watch this space.

(*) - Technically, some of them had failed an SSRI and some had failed "2 or more classes of antidepressants", but one of those classes will almost certainly have been an SSRI, because they're the first-line treatment.

DeBattista, C., Kinrys, G., Hoffman, D., Goldstein, C., Zajecka, J., Kocsis, J., Teicher, M., Potkin, S., Preda, A., & Multani, G. (2010). The use of referenced-EEG (rEEG) in assisting medication selection for the treatment of depression Journal of Psychiatric Research DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.05.009

Clever New Scheme

CNS Response are a California-based company who offer a high-tech new approach to the personalized treatment of depression: "referenced EEG" (rEEG).

This is not to be confused with qEEG, which I have written about previously. What is rEEG? It involves taking an EEG recording of resting brain activity and sending it - along with a cheque, naturally - to CNS Response, who compare it to their database of over 1,800 psychiatric patients who likewise had EEGs taken before they started on various drugs. They look to see which drugs worked best in people with an EEG profile similar to yours, and give you a fancy report with their recommendations.

That's not completely implausible. It could work. Does it? CNS Response and some academic collaborators have just published a paper saying yes: The use of referenced-EEG (rEEG) in assisting medication selection for the treatment of depression. How solid is it? Well, it would be wrong to say that there are many problems with this study. But then if you run off a cliff and plummet into a volcano, you've only made one mistake.

Depressed patients were randomized to one of two groups: treatment-as-usual, which generally meant the common antidepressants bupropion, citalopram, or venlafaxine, vs. rEEG-guided personalized drug treatment. The trial was pretty large, with 114 patients randomized, and pretty long, 12 weeks. The patients had failed to respond to at least one antidepressant (mean: 1.5) during the current episode, so they were slightly "treatment-resistant", though not extremely so.

What happened? The rEEG-guided group did better on the QIDS16SR self-report scale, and on most other measures. Not enormously: take a look at the graph, notice that the vertical axis doesn't start at zero. But better.
Great, they did better. But why? The problem with this study is that the rEEG-guided group got a very different set of drugs to the control group. No less than 55% of them got stimulants, either methylphenidate (Ritalin) and dexamphetamine (speed). These drugs make you feel good. That's why they're illegal, that's why people pay good money for them on the street.

It's debatable whether stimulants are clinically useful as antidepressants in the long term, but they've got a good chance of making you feel nice for a few weeks, and make you say you feel better on a rating scale. Plus there's nothing like a pep pill to drive active placebo effects.

The authors say that "Almost all of the studies with depression not associated with medical disorders have reported minimal or no antidepressant effect of stimulants", and refer to some 1980s studies - yet their own trial has just shown that they do work in more than 50% of patients, and the latest Cochrane meta-analysis finds stimulants do work in the short term...

The other big names in the EEG group were MAOis (selegiline or tranylcypromine). These are often effective in treatment-resistant depression. Not necessarily more so than other drugs, but remember that these patients had already failed at least one SSRI(*). Yet the control group were, it seems, almost all given SSRIs - either citalopram, or venlafaxine, which is effectively an SSRI at low doses, e.g. the average dose used here, 141 mg. (It does other stuff, but only at higher doses of 225 mg or 300 mg.)

In summary, there were two groups in this trial and they got entirely different sets of drugs. One group also got rEEG-based treatment personalization. That group did better, but that might have nothing to do with the rEEG: they might have done equally well if they'd just been assigned to stimulants or MAOis etc. by flipping a coin. We cannot tell, from these data, whether rEEG offered any benefits at all.

What's curious is that it would have been very simple to avoid this issue. Just give everyone rEEG, but shuffle the assignments in the control group, so that everyone was guided by someone else's EEG. So you'd give control Patient 2 the drugs that Patient 1 should have got, and vice versa; swap 3 and 4, 5 and 6, etc.

This would be a genuinely controlled test of the personalized rEEG system, because both groups would get the same kinds of drugs. It would have been a lot easier too. For one thing it wouldn't require the additional step of deciding what drugs to give the control group. The authors decided to follow the STAR*D treatment protocol in this study, which is not unreasonable, but that must have been a bit of a hard decision.

Second, it would allow the trial to be double-blind: in this study the investigators knew which group people were in, because it was obvious from the drug choice. Thirdly, it wouldn't have meant they had to exclude people whose rEEG recommended they get the same treatment that they would have got in the control group... and so on.

Hmm. Mysterious. Anyway, we may be hearing more about CNS Response soon, so watch this space.

(*) - Technically, some of them had failed an SSRI and some had failed "2 or more classes of antidepressants", but one of those classes will almost certainly have been an SSRI, because they're the first-line treatment.

DeBattista, C., Kinrys, G., Hoffman, D., Goldstein, C., Zajecka, J., Kocsis, J., Teicher, M., Potkin, S., Preda, A., & Multani, G. (2010). The use of referenced-EEG (rEEG) in assisting medication selection for the treatment of depression Journal of Psychiatric Research DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.05.009